GBT50123-2019······1
1 总则······33
2 术语和符号······34
2.1 术语······34
2.2 符号······35
3 基本规定······39
4 试样制备和饱和······40
4.1 一般规定······40
4.2 仪器设备······40
4.3 扰动土试样预备程序······41
4.4 扰动土试样制备······42
4.5 原状土试样制备······43
4.6 试样饱和······43
4.7 计算和记录······46
5 含水率试验······48
5.1 一般规定······48
5.2 烘干法······48
5.3 酒精燃烧法······49
6 密度试验······51
6.1 一般规定······51
6.2 环刀法······51
6.3 蜡封法······52
7 比重试验······54
7.1 一般规定······54
7.2 比重瓶法······54
7.3 浮称法······56
7.4 虹吸筒法······58
8 颗粒分析试验······61
8.1 一般规定······61
8.2 筛析法······61
8.3 密度计法······64
8.4 移液管法······73
9 界限含水率试验······76
9.1 一般规定······76
9.2 液塑限联合测定法······76
9.3 碟式仪液限法······79
9.4 搓滚塑限法······81
9.5 缩限试验······82
10 崩解试验······84
11 毛管水上升高度试验······86
11.1 一般规定······86
11.2 直接观测法······86
11.3 土样管法······87
12 相对密度试验······89
12.1 一般规定······89
12.2 最小干密度试验······89
12.3 最大干密度试验······91
13 击实试验······94
13.1 一般规定······94
13.2 仪器设备······94
13.3 操作步骤······96
13.4 计算、制图和记录······97
14 承载比试验······99
14.1 一般规定······99
14.2 仪器设备······99
14.3 操作步骤······102
14.4 计算、制图和记录······104
15 回弹模量试验······106
15.1 一般规定······106
15.2 杠杆压力仪法······106
15.3 强度仪法······109
16 渗透试验······111
16.1 一般规定······111
16.2 常水头渗透试验······111
16.3 变水头渗透试验······114
17 固结试验······117
17.1 一般规定······117
17.2 标准固结试验······117
17.3 快速固结试验······123
17.4 应变控制加荷固结试验······124
18 黄土湿陷试验······128
18.1 一般规定······128
18.2 湿陷系数试验······128
18.3 自重湿陷系数试验······129
18.4 溶滤变形系数试验······130
18.5 湿陷起始压力试验······130
19 三轴压缩试验······132
19.1 一般规定······132
19.2 仪器设备······132
19.3 试样的制备和饱和······138
19.4 不固结不排水剪试验······142
19.5 固结不排水剪试验······143
19.6 固结排水剪试验······145
19.7 一个试样多级加荷试验······145
19.8 计算、制图和记录······146
20 无侧限抗压强度试验······150
20.1 一般规定······150
20.2 仪器设备······150
20.3 操作步骤······151
20.4 计算、制图和记录······152
21 直接剪切试验······154
21.1 一般规定······154
21.2 仪器设备······154
21.3 操作步骤······155
21.4 计算、制图和记录······157
22 排水反复直接剪切试验······159
22.1 一般规定······159
99.2 仪器设备······159
22.3 操作步骤······159
22.4 计算、制图和记录······161
23 无黏性土休止角试验······163
23.1 一般规定······163
23.2 仪器设备······163
23.3 操作步骤······164
23.4 计算和记录······164
24 自由膨胀率试验······165
24.1 一般规定······165
24.2 仪器设备······165
24.3 操作步骤······165
24.4 计算和记录······166
25 膨胀率试验······168
25.1 一般规定······168
25.2 无荷载膨胀率试验······168
25.3 有荷载膨胀率试验······170
26 收缩试验······172
26.1 一般规定······172
26.2 仪器设备······172
26.3 试验步骤······173
26.4 计算、制图和记录······173
27 膨胀力试验······175
27.1 一般规定······175
27.2 仪器设备······175
27.3 操作步骤······175
27.4 计算和记录······176
28 土的静止侧压力系数试验······177
28.1 一般规定······177
28.2 仪器设备······177
28.3 操作步骤······178
28.4 计算、制图和记录······179
29 振动三轴试验······180
29.1 一般规定······180
29.2 仪器设备······180
29.3 操作步骤······181
29.4 计算、制图和记录······185
30 共振柱试验······190
30.1 一般规定······190
30.2 仪器设备······190
30.3 操作步骤······191
30.4 计算、制图和记录······194
31 土的基床系数试验······198
31.1 一般舰定······198
31.2 仪器设备······198
31.3 操作步骤······198
31.4 计算、制图和记录······199
32 冻土含水率试验······200
32.1 一般规定······200
32.2 烘干法······200
32.3 联合测定法······201
33 冻土密度试验······204
33.1 一般规定······204
33.2 浮称法······204
33.3 联合测定法······206
33.4 环刀法······206
33.5 充砂法······207
34 冻结温度试验······209
34.1 一般规定······209
34.2 仪器设备······209
34.3 操作步骤······210
34.4 计算、制图和记录······211
35 冻土导热系数试验······212
35.1 一般规定······212
35.2 仪器设备······212
35.3 操作步骤······213
35.4 计算和记录······213
36 冻土的未冻含水率试验······215
36.1 一般规定······215
36.2 仪器设备······215
36.3 操作步骤······215
36.4 计算、制图和记录······215
37 冻胀率试验······217
37.1 一般规定······217
37.2 仪器设备······217
37.3 操作步骤······218
37.4 计算和记录······219
38 冻土融化压缩试验······220
38.1 一般规定······220
38.2 仪器设备······220
38.3 操作步骤······221
38.4 计算、制图和记录······122
39 原位冻土融化压缩试验······224
39.1 一般规定······224
39.2 仪器设备······224
39.3 操作步骤······225
39.4 计算、制图和记录······227
40 原位冻胀率试验······228
40.1 一般规定······228
40.2 仪器设备······228
40.3 操作步骤······229
40.4 计算、制图和记录······229
41 原位密度试验······231
41.1 一般规定······231
41.2 灌砂法······231
41.3 灌水法······234
42 试坑渗透试验······236
42.1 一般规定······236
42.2 仪器设备······236
42.3 操作步骤······237
42.4 计算和记录······237
43 原位直剪试验······239
43.1 一般规定······239
43.2 仪器设备······239
43.3 操作步骤······239
43.4 计算、制图和记录······241
44 十字板剪切试验······243
44.1 一般规定······243
44.2 电测式十字板剪切试验······243
44.3 机械式十字板剪切试验······246
45 标准贯入试验······250
45.1 一般规定······250
45.2 仪器设备······250
45.3 操作步骤······251
45.4 计算、制图和记录······252
46 静力触探试验······253
46.1 一般规定······253
46.2 仪器设备······253
46.3 操作步骤······257
46.4 计算、制图和记录······259
47 动力触探试验······261
47.1 一般规定······261
47.2 仪器设备······261
47.3 操作步骤······263
47.4 计算、制图和记录······264
48 旁压试验······266
48.1 一般规定······266
48.2 仪器设备······266
48.3 操作步骤······267
48.4 计算、制图和记录······270
49 载荷试验······273
49.1 一般规定······273
49.2 平板载荷试验······273
49.3 黄土浸水载荷试验······279
49.4 螺旋板载荷试验······281
50 波速试验······287
50.1 一般规定······287
50.2 仪器设备······287
50.3 操作步骤······288
50.4 计算、制图和记录······291
51 化学分析试样风干含水率试验······294
51.1 一般规定······294
51.2 仪器设备······294
51.3 操作步骤······294
51.4 计算和记录······295
52 酸碱度试验······296
52.1 一般规定······296
52.2 仪器设备和试剂······296
52.3 操作步骤和记录······297
53 易溶盐试验······298
53.1 一般规定······298
53.2 浸出液制取······298
53.3 易溶盐总量测定质量法······298
53.4 碳酸根（CO32⁻）及重碳酸根（HCO₃⁻）的测定双指示剂中和滴定法······300
53.5 氯离子（CI⁻）的测定（硝酸银滴定法）······302
53.6 硫酸根SO42⁻的测定（EDTA络合滴定法或比浊法）······304
53.7 钙离予（Ca²⁺）的测定（EDTA法）······309
53.8 镁离子（Mg²⁺）的测定钙镁合量滴定法······310
53.9 钠离子（Na⁺）和钾离子（K⁺）的测定（火焰光度法）······311
54 中溶盐石膏试验······314
54.1 一般规定······314
54.2 仪器设备和试剂······314
54.3 操作步骤······314
54.4 计算和记录······315
55 难溶盐碳酸钙试验······317
55.1 一般规定······317
55.2 简易碱吸收容量法······317
55.3 气量法······319
56 有机质试验······324
56.1 一般规定······324
56.2 仪器设备和试剂······324
56.3 操作步骤······325
56.4 计算和记录······326
57 游离氧化铁试验······327
57.1 一般规定······327
57.2 仪器设备和试剂······327
57.3 操作步骤······328
57.4 计算······329
58 阳离子交换量试验······331
58.1 一般规定······331
58.2 氯化钡缓冲液法······331
58.3 1mol.L⁻¹乙酸铵交换法······333
58.4 乙酸钠-火焰光度法······337
59 土的X射线衍射矿物成分试验······339
59.1 一般规定······339
59.2 仪器设备和试剂······339
59.3 操作步骤······340
59.4 数据整理、鉴定和记录······343
60 粗颗粒土的试样制备······349
60.1 一般规定······349
60.2 仪器设备······349
60.3 操作步骤······349
60.4 计算和记录······351
61 粗颗粒土相对密度试验······353
61.1 一般规定······353
61.2 仪器设备······353
61.3 操作步骤······354
61.4 计算和记录······356
62 粗颗粒土击实试验······358
62.1 一般规定······358
62.2 仪器设备······358
62.3 操作步骤······359
62.4 计算、制图和记录······361
63 粗颗粒土的渗透及渗透变形试验······362
63.1 一般规定······362
63.2 仪器设备······362
63.3 操作步骤······364
63.4 计算、制图和记录······366
64 反滤试验······369
64.1 一般规定······369
64.2 无黏性土的反滤试验······369
64.3 黏性土的反滤试验······371
65 粗颗粒土固结试验······373
65.1 一般规定······373
65.2 仪器设备······373
65.3 操作步骤······374
65.4 计算、制图和记录······375
66 粗颗粒土直接剪切试验······376
66.1 般规定······376
66.2 仪器设备······376
66.3 操作步骤······377
66.4 计算、制图和记录······379
67 粗颗粒土三轴压缩试验······381
67.1 般规定······381
67.2 仪器设备······381
67.3 无黏性粗颗粒土三轴压缩试验······382
67.4 黏质粗颗粒土三轴压缩试验······386
67.5 计算、制图和记录······388
68 粗颗粒土三轴蠕变试验······389
68.1 一般规定······339
68.2 仪器设备······389
68.3 操作步骤······389
68.4 计算、制图和记录······390
69 粗颗粒土三轴湿化变形试验······392
69.1 一般规定······392
69.2 仪器设备······392
69.3 操作步骤······393
69.4 计算、制图和记录······394
附录A 试验资料的整理与试验报告······396
附录B 土样的要求与管理······399
附录C 土的工程分类······403
附录D 各项试验记录表······406
本标准用词说明······511
引用标准名录······512
附：条文说明······513
1 总 则······525
3 基本规定······526
4 试样制备和饱和······527
4.1 一般规定······527
4.3 扰动土试样预备程序······527
4.4 扰动土试样制备······528
4.5 原状土试样制备······529
4.6 试样饱和······529
5 含水率试验······530
5.1 一般规定······530
5.2 烘干法······530
5.3 酒精燃烧法······531
6 密度试验······532
6.1 一般规定······532
6.2 环刀法······532
6.3 蜡封法······532
7 比重试验······533
7.1 一般规定······533
7.2 比重瓶法······533
7.3 浮称法······534
8 颗粒分析试验······535
8.1 一般规定······535
8.2 筛析法······535
8.3 密席计法······535
8.4 移液管法······539
9 界限含水率试验······540
9.2 液塑限联合测定法······540
9.3 碟式仪液限法······543
9.4 搓滚塑限法······544
9.5 缩限试验······544
10 崩解试验······545
11 毛管水上升高度试验······546
11.1 一般规定······546
11.2 直接观测法······546
11.3 土样管法······546
12 相对密度试验······548
12.1 一般规定······548
12.2 最小干密度试验······549
12.3 最大干密度试验······549
13 击实试验······551
13.1 一般规定······551
13.3 操作步骤······551
13.4 计算、制图和记录······553
14 承载比试验······554
14.1 一般规定······554
14.3 操作步骤······554
14.4 计算、制图和记录······554
15 回弹模量试验······556
15.2 杠杆压力仪法······556
15.3 强度仪法······556
16 渗透试验······557
16.1 一般规定······557
16.2 常水头渗透试验······557
16.3 变水头渗透试验······558
17 固结试验······560
17.1 一般规定······560
17.2 标准固结试验······560
17.3 快速固结试验······563
17.4 应变控制加荷固结试验······563
18 黄土湿陷试验······565
18.1 一般规定······565
18.2 湿陷系数试验······565
18.3 自重湿陷系数试验······566
18.4 溶滤变形系数试验······566
18.5 湿陷起始压力试验······566
19 三轴压缩试验······568
19.1 一般规定······568
19.2 仪器设备······570
19.3 试样的制备和饱和······571
19.4 不固结不排水剪试验······572
19.5 固结不排水剪试验······572
19.6 固结排水剪试验······574
19.7 一个试样多级加荷试验······575
19.8 计算、制图和记录······576
20 无侧限抗压强度试验······578
20.3 操作步骤······578
20.4 计算、制图和记录······579
21 直接剪切试验······580
21.1 一般规定······580
21.2 仪器设备······580
21.3 操作步骤······581
21.4 计算、制图和记录······582
22 排水反复直接剪切试验······583
22.1 一般规定······583
22.2 仪器设备······584
22.3 操作步骤······584
24 自由膨胀率试验······587
24.1 一般规定······587
24.3 操作步骤······587
25 膨胀率试验······588
25.2 无荷载膨胀率试验······588
25.3 有荷载膨胀率试验······588
26 收缩试验······590
26.1 一般规定······590
26.2 仪器设备······590
26.3 试验步骤······590
26.4 计算、制图和记录······590
27 膨胀力试验······591
27.1 一般规定······591
27.3 操作步骤······591
28 土的静止侧压力系数试验······592
28.2 仪器设备······592
28.3 操作步骤······593
29 振动三轴试验······594
29.1 一般规定······594
29.2 仪器设备······595
29.3 操作步骤······595
29.4 计算、制图和记录······599
30 共振柱试验······601
30.1 一般规定······601
30.2 仪器设各······601
30.3 操作步骤······602
30.4 计算、制图和记录······603
31 土的基床系数试验······605
31.3 操作步骤······605
32 冻土含水率试验······606
32.1 一般规定······606
32.2 烘干法······606
32.3 联合测定法······607
33 冻土密度试验······609
33.1 一般规定······609
33.2 浮称法······609
33.4 环刀法······609
34 冻结温度试验······610
34.2 仪器设备······610
34.3 操作步骤······610
35 冻土导热系数试验······112
35.1 一般规定······612
35.3 操作步骤······612
35.4 计算和记录······612
36 冻土的未冻含水率试验······613
36.3 操作步骤······613
37 冻胀率试验······614
37.1 一般规定······614
37.3 操作步骤······615
38 冻土融化压缩试验······616
38.1 一般规定······616
38.2 仪器设备······616
38.3 操作步骤······616
39 原位冻土融化压缩试验······618
39.1 一般规定······618
39.2 仪器设备······618
39.3 操作步骤······618
40 原位冻胀率试验······619
40.2 仪器设备······619
40.3 操作步骤······619
41 原位密度试验······621
41.2 灌砂法······621
41.3 灌水法······622
42 试坑渗透试验······624
42.1 般规定······624
43 原位直剪试验······625
43.1 般规定······625
43.3 操作步骤······626
43.4 计算、制图和记录······627
44 十字板剪切试验······629
44.2 电测式十字板剪切试验······629
44.3 机械式十字板剪切试验······629
45 标准贯入试验······631
45.2 仪器设备······631
45.3 操作步骤······632
45.4 计算、制图和记录······633
46 静力触探试验······636
46.1 一般规定······636
46.2 仪器设备······636
46.3 操作步骤······639
46.4 计算、制图和记录······641
47 动力触探试验······644
47.1 一般规定······644
47.2 仪器设备······645
47.3 操作步骤······647
47.4 计算、制图和记录······647
48 旁压试验······651
48.1 一般规定······651
48.2 仪器设备······651
48.3 操作步骤······651
48.4 计算、制图和记录······653
49 载荷试验······657
49.1 一般规定······657
49.2 平板载荷试验······657
49.3 黄土浸水载荷试验······660
49.4 螺旋板载荷试验······661
50 波速试验······666
50.1 一般规定······666
50.2 仪器设备······666
50.3 操作步骤······668
50.4 计算、制图和记录······671
51 化学分析试样风干含水率试验······674
51.1 一般规定······674
51.2 仪器设备······674
51.3 操作步骤······674
52 酸碱度试验······675
52.3 操作步骤和记录······675
53 易溶盐试验······676
53.2 浸出液制取······676
53.3 易溶盐总量测定质量法······677
53.4 碳酸根（CO32⁻）及重碳酸根（HCO₃⁻）的测定（双指示剂中和滴定法）······677
53.5 氯离子（CI⁻）的测定（硝酸银滴定法）······678
53.6 硫酸根（SO42⁻）的测定（EDTA络合滴定法或比浊法）······678
53.7 钙离子（Ca²⁺）的测定（EDTA法）······679
53.8 镁离子（Mg²⁺）的测定（钙镁合量滴定法）······679
53.9 钠离子（Na⁺）和钾离子（K⁺）的测定（火焰光度法）······679
54 中溶盐石膏试验······681
54.1 一般规定······681
54.3 操作步骤······681
55 难溶盐碳酸钙试验······682
55.1 一般规定······682
55.3 气量法······682
56 有机质试验······683
56.1 一般规定······683
57 游离氧化铁试验······684
57.1 一般规定······684
57.3 操作步骤······684
58 阳离子交换量试验······685
58.2 氯化钡缓冲液法······685
59 土的X射线衍射矿物成分试验······686
59.1 一般规定······686
59.3 操作步骤······686
60 粗颗粒土的试样制备······687
60.1 一般规定······687
60.3 操作步骤······687
61 粗颗粒土相对密度试验······692
61.1 一般规定······692
61.2 仪器设备······692
61.3 操作步骤······693
61.4 计算和记录······693
62 粗颗粒土击实试验······694
62.1 一般规定······694
62.3 操作步骤······694
63 粗颗粒土的渗透及渗透变形试验······695
63.1 般规定······695
63.2 仪器设备······695
63.3 操作步骤······696
63.4 计算、制图和记录······697
64 反滤试验······698
64.2 无黏性土的反滤试验······698
64.3 黏性土的反滤试验······698
65 粗颗粒土固结试验······700
65.2 仪器设备······700
65.3 操作步骤······700
66 粗颗粒土直接剪切试验······701
66.2 仪器设备······701
66.3 操作步骤······702
66.4 计算、制图和记录······704
67 粗颗粒土三轴压缩试验······705
67.1 一般规定······705
67.2 仪器设备······705
67.3 无黏性粗颗粒土三轴压缩试验······705
67.4 黏质粗颗粒土三轴压缩试验······708
68 粗颗粒土三轴蠕变试验······709
68.1 一般规定······709
68.2 仪器设备······710
68.3 操作步骤······710
68.4 计算、制图和记录······711
69 粗颗粗土三轴湿化变形试验······712
69.1 一般规定······712
69.3 操作步骤······712
69.4 计算、制图和记录······713
